ESP32+ACS712霍尔电流传感器小结

时间：2023-10-16 12:37:02 t交流电流传感器4

ESP32用ADC1即36引脚analogRead读数为111111 1111 最大值为4095的1111，资料传送门
上述读取的最大电压.3V，实测3V当读数为4095时，模拟电压为3V，万用表测量误差可能存在，当满量程为3时.3V吧。
demo如下：

void setup() { 
          Serial.begin(115200); }   void loop() { 
          int vtmp=analogRead(36); //ADC获取电压     Serial.printf("采样值为%：d\n", vtmp);   Serial.printf("电压为：%.3fV\n", vtmp * 3.3 / 4095);   delay(1000); }

ACS712霍尔互感器，5A量程输出为185mV/A，20A量程输出为100mV/A，30A量程输出为66mV/A，我买的是20A的。
接线如下

ESP32	ACS712
5V	VCC
G	GND
36	OUT

在空载的情况下，ACS理论上，712输出是2.5V，2.5V即0点。如果测量是直流电，数量为2.5 ；如果测量交流电，值为2.5 2.5-上。实测后发现几个问题:

空载输出不是2.5V但在2.7±0.2V浮动。
解决方案:用50次测量取平均值，使值相对稳定。有资料说要在硬件上加低通滤波，不会搞T_T。
就算是零点2.5V稳定，按20A量程输出为100mV/A如果电流测量为20A，那ACS712输出电压为2.5 0.120=4.5V，而ESP32的测量模拟量为3.3V，已经超过了ESP32的量程。怎么办？
解决方案：想想工作电压是否为5V，零点为2.5V，工作电压为3.3V，零点也到1吗？.65V是的？按照这个想法来测量，确实如此。就是不知道还是1000。mV/A，待测量。如果仍然是这个标准，满量程输出电压为1.65 0.120=3.75V，粗心也可以测量。假设工作电压下降，输出标准同比下降，那么20A标准变为66mV/A，满测量输出为：4.5*0.66=2.97V，那就在ESP测量范围在32范围内，但只是猜测，待测量确认。

注：github搜索ACS712会出来很多别人写的。arduino都是针对的arduino模拟测量程5V ，10位采样是1023写的。需要调整程序中的参数。例如，我将根据以下内容进行调整ESP32参数有所改进：
ACS712.h

#ifndef ACS712_h #define ACS712_h  #include   #define ADC_SCALE 4095.0//采样值 arduino为1023 #define VREF 3.3 //参考电压，即全量程模拟电压，arduino为5 #define DEFAULT_FREQUENCY 50///交流频率   enum ACS712_type { 
       ACS712_05B, ACS712_20A, ACS712_30A};   class ACS712 { 
        public:
    ACS712(ACS712_type type, uint8_t _pin);
    int calibrate(); // 零点校准值
    void setZeroPoint(int _zero);
    void setSensitivity(float sens);
    float getCurrentDC(); // 测直流电
    float getCurrentAC(uint16_t frequency = 50); // 测交流电


private:
    int zero = 2048;//零点模拟值
    float sensitivity;
    uint8_t pin;
};

#endif

ACS712.cpp

#include "ACS712.h"

ACS712::ACS712(ACS712_type type, uint8_t _pin) { 
       
    pin = _pin;
    // 不同量程模块的灵敏度，工作电压变了，这里的灵敏度值估计也要同比调整
    switch (type) { 
       
        case ACS712_05B: // 5A
            sensitivity = 0.185;
            break;
        case ACS712_20A: // 20A
            sensitivity = 0.100;
            break;
        case ACS712_30A: // 30A
            sensitivity = 0.066;
            break;
    }
}

// 零点校准
int ACS712::calibrate() { 
       
    uint16_t acc = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { 
       // 50次取样平均，原版10次
        acc += analogRead(pin);
    }
    zero = acc / 50;
    return zero;
}

// 设置零点值
void ACS712::setZeroPoint(int _zero) { 
       
    zero = _zero;
}

// 设置灵敏度值
void ACS712::setSensitivity(float sens) { 
       
    sensitivity = sens;
}

// 测量直流电，单位：mA 毫安
float ACS712::getCurrentDC() { 
       
    int16_t acc = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) { 
       //50次采样，原版10次
        acc += analogRead(pin) - zero;
    }
    float I = (float)acc / 50.0 / ADC_SCALE * VREF / sensitivity * 1000 ;
    return I;
}

// 测量交流电，单位：mA 毫安
float ACS712::getCurrentAC(uint16_t frequency) { 
       
    uint32_t period = 1000000 / frequency;
    uint32_t t_start = micros();


    uint32_t Isum = 0, measurements_count = 0;
    int32_t Inow;


    while (micros() - t_start < period) { 
       
        Inow = analogRead(pin) - zero;
        Isum += Inow*Inow;
        measurements_count++;
    }


    float Irms = sqrt(Isum / measurements_count) / ADC_SCALE * VREF / sensitivity * 1000;
    return Irms;
}

测量直流电DEMO

#include "ACS712.h"

/* This example shows how to measure DC current */

// We have 30 amps version sensor connected to A0 pin of arduino
// Replace with your version if necessary
ACS712 sensor(ACS712_30A, A0);

void setup() { 
       
  Serial.begin(115200);


  // calibrate() method calibrates zero point of sensor,
  // It is not necessary, but may positively affect the accuracy
  // Ensure that no current flows through the sensor at this moment
  // If you are not sure that the current through the sensor will not leak during calibration - comment out this method
  Serial.println("Calibrating... Ensure that no current flows through the sensor at this moment");
  int zero = sensor.calibrate();
  Serial.println("Done!");
  Serial.println("Zero point for this sensor = " + zero);
}

void loop() { 
       
  // Read current from sensor
  float I = sensor.getCurrentDC();
  
  // Send it to serial
  Serial.println(String("I = ") + I + " mA");
  
  // Wait a second before the new measurement
  delay(1000);
}

测量交流电DEMO

#include "ACS712.h"


/* This example shows how to measure the power consumption of devices in 230V electrical system or any other system with alternative current */


// We have 30 amps version sensor connected to A0 pin of arduino
// Replace with your version if necessary
ACS712 sensor(ACS712_30A, A0);


void setup() { 
       
  Serial.begin(9600);

  // calibrate() method calibrates zero point of sensor,
  // It is not necessary, but may positively affect the accuracy
  // Ensure that no current flows through the sensor at this moment
  // If you are not sure that the current through the sensor will not leak during calibration - comment out this method
  Serial.println("Calibrating... Ensure that no current flows through the sensor at this moment");
  sensor.calibrate();
  Serial.println("Done!");
}

void loop() { 
       
  // We use 230V because it is the common standard in European countries
  // Change to your local, if necessary
  float U = 230;


  // To measure current we need to know the frequency of current
  // By default 50Hz is used, but you can specify desired frequency
  // as first argument to getCurrentAC() method, if necessary
  float I = sensor.getCurrentAC();

  // To calculate the power we need voltage multiplied by current
  float P = U * I;

  Serial.println(String("I = ") + I + " mA");
  Serial.println(String("P = ") + P + " Watts");


  delay(1000);
}

原版库传送门

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ESP32+ACS712霍尔电流传感器小结

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