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Docker的基本命令及使用

时间：2023-01-15 02:30:00 3ad50c晶体管怎样

Docker基本命令和使用

帮助命令

# 显示Docker的版本信息 Docker version  # 显示Docker包括镜像和容器数量的系统信息 Docker info # 帮助命令(万能命令) Docker 命令 --help

帮助文档地址：https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/

镜像命令

docker images 在当地所有主机上查看镜像

[root@MyServer ~]# docker images REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   3 months ago   13.3kB  # 解释  REPOSITORY   (镜像仓库源)     TAG          (镜像标签) IMAGE ID     （镜像的id）  CREATED      (镜像创建时间) SIZE         (镜像大小)  # 可选项 Options:   -a, --all            # 列出所有镜像   -q, --quiet          # 只显示镜像id

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@MyServer ~]# docker search mysql NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED mysql                             MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   11869     [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

[root@MyServer ~]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest   # 如果编写tag，默认为latest最新版本 latest: Pulling from library/mysql 72a69066d2fe: Pull complete   # 分层下载，docker images的核心 联合文件系统 93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 99da31dd6142: Pull complete 626033c43d70: Pull complete 37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete ac563158d721: Pull complete d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 1c04857f594f: Pull complete 4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete e0431212d27d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 #签名 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest   # 真实地址   docker pull mysql # 等价于 docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest  # 下载指定文件 [root@MyServer ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql 72a69066d2fe: Already exists 93619dbc5b36: Already exists 99da31dd6142: Already exists 626033c43d70: Already exists 37d5d7efb64e: Already exists ac563158d721: Already exists d2ba16033dad: Already exists 0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 37f2405cae96: Pull complete e2482e017e53: Pull complete 70deed891d42: Pull complete Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7 docker.io/library/mysql:5.7

docker rmi 删除镜像

# 指定删除镜像 [root@MyServer ~]# docker rmi -f hello-world # 删除多个镜像 [root@MyServer ~]# docker rmi -f hello-world MySQL  # 删除所有() [root@MyServer ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)

容器命令

只有镜像才能创建容器，linux，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

[root@MyServer ~]# docker pull centos

并启动新容器

docker run [可选参数] image  # 参数说明 --name="Name"     容器名称 tomcat01 tomcat02用于区分容器； -d                后台运行  -it      互动运行，进入容器查看内容  -p      指定容器的端口 -p   8080：8080  -p ip:主机端口：容器端口  -p 主机端口：容器端口  （常用）  -p 容器端口  容器端口 -P                随机指定端口   # 测试，启动并进入容器 [root@MyServer ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash [root@5089ff8198de /]# ls      #查看容器内的centos，基本版，很多命令都不完善！ bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var  # 退回主机 [root@5089ff8198de /]# exit exit [root@MyServer ~]# ls

列出所有操作容器

# docker ps 命令  # 列出目前正在运行的容器  -a   # 列出目前正在运行的容器 带出历史运行数据  -n=? # 显示最近创建的容器  -q   # 只显示容器编号   [root@MyServer ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES [root@MyServer ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                            PORTS                                                      NAMES 5089ff8198de   centos         "/bin/bash"              6 minutes ago    Exited (130) About a minute ago                                                              nifty_goldwasser 5e65e7f991d5   3218b38490ce   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   31 minutes ago   Exited (1) 31 minutes ago                                                                    gifted_roentgen cf133c215785   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"                 3 days ago       Exited (0) 3 days ago                                                                        kind_chaplygin 9aff26ba3d44   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"                 3 days ago       Exited (0) 3 days ago                                                                        jolly_engelbart

退出容器

pre>exit # 直接退出容器并停止 Ctil+P+Q # 容器不停止退出

删除容器

docker rm  容器id     # 删除指定容器，不能删除运行中的容器
docker rm -f         # 强制删除
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm

启动停止容器的操作

docker start 容器id       # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id     # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id        # 停止容器
docker kill 容器id        # 暴力停止当前容器

常用其他命令

后台启动容器

[root@MyServer ~]# docker run -d centos
4005f6ab5ad1d9429bb8cceff5882ce05c019e005bccf89563e2447a757d84c6

# 问题docker ps， 发现centos停止了

# 常见的坑，docker 容器使用后台运行；就必须要有一个前台进程，docker发现没有应用，就会自动停止

# nginx，容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立即停止，就没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail 容器，没有日志

# shell脚本---"不停循环执行"
[root@MyServer ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done";

[root@MyServer ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
b12078191375   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   6 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds             heuristic_albattani

# 显示指定行数的日志
	-tf            # 显示日志
	--tail number  # 要显示日志条数
[root@MyServer ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 b12078191375

查看容器中进程信息 ps

top 命令

# docker top 容器id   （查看容器内部信息）
[root@MyServer ~]# docker top b12078191375
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                8273                8254                0                   11:45               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done
root                12134               8273                0                   11:54               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

查看镜像元数据

# 查看镜像元数据
	#  docker inspect 容器id
[root@MyServer ~]# docker inspect b12078191375
[
    {
        "Id": "b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b",
        "Created": "2022-01-08T03:45:20.95450764Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 8273,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-01-08T03:45:22.895734782Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b/b12078191375967383447e9256643eccb5b71deb4e912f1cc0ce7191b3d4010b-json.log",
        "Name": "/heuristic_albattani",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be800ebdc4ed5cb617b142ef6225976ee3ad22db391f32b60258fa4dfec1990-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0500de2f87f0c503049f2df1cb97052c1326d5ba23c3198ea29dcf047c526905/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be800ebdc4ed5cb617b142ef6225976ee3ad22db391f32b60258fa4dfec1990/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be800ebdc4ed5cb617b142ef6225976ee3ad22db391f32b60258fa4dfec1990/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/6be800ebdc4ed5cb617b142ef6225976ee3ad22db391f32b60258fa4dfec1990/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "b12078191375",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "cae14b049c7b8a0d496d4b6fcb100c80fb4c9a71cdf6c9fe8566bbed7a3fadfc",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/cae14b049c7b",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "e90ae3ef267ebb62062ee50eeb4eecbe5b1d4bb5133c9d9c6ef88d9d1ed86c49",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "f07e53abccc0010862e2c1f205cad85d255cb354e675f1a748d52ed49bb981f2",
                    "EndpointID": "e90ae3ef267ebb62062ee50eeb4eecbe5b1d4bb5133c9d9c6ef88d9d1ed86c49",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell


[root@MyServer ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
b12078191375   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   28 minutes ago   Up 28 minutes             heuristic_albattani
[root@MyServer ~]# docker exec -it b12078191375 /bin/bash
[root@b12078191375 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@b12078191375 /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 03:45 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo SIN;sleep 1;done
root       1853      0  0 04:16 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root       1893   1853  0 04:16 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
root       1894      1  0 04:16 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep


# 方式二
docker attach 容器id 

# docker exec      进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）
# docker attach    进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程。

从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id：容器内路径   目的的主路径

[root@MyServer home]# docker cp a6748bafa77e:/home/SIN.java /usr
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